Pharmacoepidemiology & Biostatistics

Pharmacoepidemiology &
Biostatistics

Observational studies on SNDS, our EDS databases, PMSI or eSND. Phenotyping algorithms, survival analyses, causal modelling and retrospective cohorts.

The right design for your research question

We design the study most suited to your scientific question, following the HAS methodological guidelines on real-world studies (2021) and ISPE GPP best practices.

Retrospective cohort study

A population indexed on an event (diagnosis, treatment initiation, surgical procedure) with longitudinal follow-up of exposures and clinical outcomes. Exposed/unexposed cohorts with active or historical comparator. This is the most common design on SNDS and PMSI.

Nested case-control study

Selection of cases (event of interest) and matching to controls within a defined cohort. Particularly suited to the study of rare events (adverse effects, cancers) with statistical power optimised by matching on age, sex and index date.

Self-Controlled Case Series (SCCS)

Each patient serves as their own control: comparison of exposed and unexposed periods in the same individuals. Eliminates time-invariant confounders. Ideal for pharmacovigilance and vaccine-event studies.

Cross-sectional study

A snapshot of a population at a given point in time: point prevalence, description of clinical and therapeutic characteristics, sub-population segmentation. Often used for disease burden studies.

Prospective cohort study on historical data

Leveraging the historical depth of SNDS (up to 10 years) to build cohorts with long follow-up and measure the long-term effectiveness of treatments or complex care trajectories.

Compliance with methodological standards

HAS Guide — Real-world studies (2021)

Protocols compliant with the HAS methodological guide for the evaluation of medicines and medical devices using real-world data.

ISPE GPP

Adherence to the Guidelines for Good Pharmacoepidemiology Practices for rigour in study design and analysis.

A comprehensive methodological toolkit

From classical biostatistics to machine learning approaches, we deploy the methods best suited to the complexity of your real-world data.

Survival analyses

Kaplan-Meier, Cox proportional and time-dependent hazard models, Fine & Gray competing risks models. Handling of informative censoring and recurrent events. Frailty models for clustered data.

Cox · Fine & Gray · Frailty

Propensity scores

Propensity Score Matching (PSM), Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (IPTW), propensity score stratification. Overlap assessment and pre/post-matching balance diagnostics. Doubly robust estimation to limit residual bias.

PSM · IPTW · Doubly Robust

Machine Learning

Supervised algorithms for phenotyping (Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost), variable selection via LASSO and Elastic Net, unsupervised clustering (k-means, DBSCAN) for sub-population identification. Cross-validation and model calibration.

XGBoost · LASSO · Clustering

Algorithmic phenotyping

Construction and validation of disease detection algorithms using ICD-10 codes, CCAM procedures, medications (ATC) and GHM codes. Computation of sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV against reference cohorts or cross-validation.

ICD-10 · CCAM · ATC

Prevalence, Incidence & Burden

Standardised estimation of epidemiological indicators adjusted for age and sex. Crude and standardised rates (direct and indirect methods). Target population projection, estimation of treated patients and therapeutic coverage rates.

Standardisation · Target population

Sensitivity analyses & bias

Quantification of residual bias via E-value and Quantitative Bias Analysis (QBA) sensitivity analyses. Intention-to-treat, per-protocol and as-treated analyses. Sensitivity analyses on criterion definitions, time windows and pre-specified subgroups.

E-value · QBA · Robustness

Regression & Modelling

Logistic regressions (conditional, multinomial), Poisson, negative binomial, log-binomial. Mixed models and GEE for longitudinal and repeated data. Multi-state models for complex care trajectories with transitions between clinical states.

GLM · GEE · Multi-state

Health economics analyses

Valuation of healthcare consumption from PMSI and SNDS: hospital costs (GHS), outpatient and retroceded drugs, CCAM procedures and biology, daily allowances, patient transport. Total and incremental cost models.

GHS · costs · PMSI

Complementary sources for every need

We leverage different real-world health data sources, each with its own specificities, depth and regulatory authorisations.

Full SNDS (Magellan)

Medico-administrative data from 65M beneficiaries: outpatient care reimbursements, PMSI hospitalisations, chronic conditions (ALD), deaths. Cross-scheme linkage over 10 years of depth. Ideal for large-scale cohorts and comparative effectiveness studies.

65M beneficiaries · 10 years

PMSI alone

Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information: exhaustive hospital data covering MCO, SSR, HAD and psychiatry (RIM-P). Accessible without specific CNIL authorisation (general sample or MR-005/MR-006). Ideal for studies on hospital conditions, surgical procedures (CCAM) and stays (GHM/GHS).

MCO · SSR · HAD · RIM-P

Specialty EDS databases

Health data warehouses combining clinical data (registries, cohorts) with SNDS data. CardioHub (interventional cardiology), UroCCR (urology/kidney cancer), Colibri (pulmonology), DataMesh (gynaecology-obstetrics). SNDS linkage for long-term patient follow-up.

Registries · SNDS linkage

THIN® (primary care)

General practitioner data: diagnoses, prescriptions, biological results, clinical measurements (BMI, BP). 3,050 physicians representative of the French population. Pseudonymised data available in France without CNIL authorisation delays.

3,050 GPs · France

SOG Health (pharmacies)

31 pharmacy observatories covering 85% of pharmacies and 13 therapeutic areas. Real-time dispensing data: volumes, market shares, switching, generics, biosimilars. Longitudinal trend monitoring by condition.

85% pharmacies · 13 areas

Multi-source linkage

Our Concepción platform enables secure cross-referencing of multiple sources within a single project: registry + SNDS, PMSI + clinical data, NIS + SNDS. Deterministic or probabilistic matching depending on available identifiers.

Concepción · Matching

Answers to all your scientific questions

Our epidemiological and biostatistical expertise covers all the questions faced by pharmaceutical companies, institutions and learned societies.

Disease burden

Prevalence, incidence, mortality, comorbidities and associated costs in the general population. Estimation of the target population and the number of patients eligible for a treatment. Segmentation by clinical subgroups.

Comparative effectiveness

Comparison of real-world efficacy between treatments. Propensity score, IPTW or exact matching to control for indication bias. Analyses in pre-specified subgroups, multiple sensitivity analyses.

Post-marketing safety

Active pharmacovigilance on SNDS: detection of rare adverse events, SCCS, disproportionality analysis. Post-authorisation safety signals for PSUR and RMP dossiers. Post-Authorisation Safety Studies (PASS).

Care pathways & trajectories

Mapping of therapeutic trajectories: lines of treatment, switching, drop-out, reinitiation. Multi-state models for transitions between care phases. Analysis of inter-event delays and progression factors.

Diagnostic delay & odyssey

Quantification of the delay between first symptoms and confirmed diagnosis. Identification of diagnostic delay factors (geography, specialty, comorbidities). Characterisation of the diagnostic odyssey by analysis of pre-diagnosis pathways.

Health economics studies

Valuation of direct costs (hospitalisations, drugs, procedures, biology, transport, daily allowances) from PMSI and SNDS. Average cost per patient, cost comparison between strategies, budget impact modelling with real-world data.

Studies that set the standard

Our teams have designed and conducted epidemiological studies published in peer-reviewed journals, covering a wide range of conditions and mobilising large-scale cohorts.

France TAVI

Interventional cardiology

Retrospective cohort study on SNDS evaluating the long-term outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVI). Follow-up of survival, complications and reinterventions.

50,000 patients

REPEAT

Heart failure

Observational study on SNDS analysing recurrent hospitalisations for heart failure, determinants of rehospitalisation and the impact of therapeutic strategies.

Peer-reviewed publication

IC SNDS

Heart failure

Large SNDS cohort on chronic heart failure: prevalence, incidence, care pathways, lines of treatment and mortality. Survival analyses and propensity scores for strategy comparison.

3.5 million patients

TIME-IPF

Pulmonology

Study on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: disease burden, diagnostic delay, care pathways and impact of antifibrotic treatments on real-world survival.

Diagnostic delay & survival

FASTRAX

Oncology

Study of care trajectories in oncology. Analysis of lines of treatment, therapeutic sequences and predictive factors for switching or treatment discontinuation.

Therapeutic trajectories

Rhea Fresh

Rheumatology

Large-scale cohort on rheumatological conditions: rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis. Effectiveness of biologics, switching and therapeutic persistence under real-world conditions.

1.5 million patients

From protocol to publication

Every epidemiological project follows a rigorous and transparent process, from protocol design to submission for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

1. Protocol & SAP
2. Feasibility
3. Extraction & QC
4. Analysis
5. Peer review
6. Publication

Before the study

Protocol compliant with the HAS guide, pre-specified and locked SAP, regulatory dossier (CESREES, CNIL, MR-004/MR-006), scientific committee formation, feasibility on a sample.

During and after the study

Extraction via Victoria Pipeline, data quality control, primary and sensitivity analyses, interim report to the scientific committee, manuscript writing, peer-review submission and conference presentation.

Launch your epidemiological study

Discuss your epidemiological study project with our experts.
We will guide you from protocol design to publication.